World Architecture-1000 Places To See Before You Die

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100 Places To See Before You Die
the architecture you must see....
Top Ten World Architecture Click here for complete list

New York	World	London	Dubai	Paris	Rome
Paris (click city names for more extensive lists)

Eiffel Tower	Notre Dame Cathedral	Mont Martre	Loire Valley Châteaux	Centre Pompidou	St. Louis des Invalides

Palace of Versailles	Place des Vosges	Paris Opera	Villa Savoye	Arc de Triomph	Musée du Louvre
Rome

Roman Colosseum	Pantheon	Piazza di Spagna	Piazza Navona	Piazza del Campidoglio	S. Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane

St. Peter's of Rome	Vatican City	The Roman Forum	Trevi Fountain	Arch of Titus	Mausoleum of Hadrian
Florence

Florence Cathedral	Ospedale Degli Innocenti	Ponte Vecchio	S. Maria Novella	Palazzo Strozzi	San Lorenzo
Spain

Sagrada Familia, Barcelona	Park Guell, Barcelona	The Alhambra, Granada	Generalife, Granada	the Mezquita, Cordoba	Seville cathedral, Seville
United Kingdom London

Stonehenge	Saint Paul's Cathedral	Westminster Abbey	Westminster Palace, or Houses of Parliament	Tower of London	Winchester Cathedral
other Europe

The Kremlin, Moscow, Russia	Dublin	Brandenburg Gate, Berlin	Neuschwanstein, Bavaria	The Acropolis, Greece	Amsterdam
Egypt

The Great Pyramids at Giza	The Sphinx	Temple of Ramses II	Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut	Colossi of Memnon	The Temple of Amon
USA

Phillips Exeter Academy Library, Exeter, NH	Vanderbilt Residence, Asheville, NC.	Monticello , Charlottesville, VA.	University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA	Fallingwater, Bear Run, PA.	"Glass House," Philip Johnson house, New Canaan, CT
New York

Empire State Building	STATUE OF LIBERTY	Chrysler Building	Brooklyn Bridge	Grand Central Terminal	Woolworth Building
Washington, DC

The White House	Thomas Jefferson Memorial	U.S. Capitol	Lincoln Memorial	Washington Monument	Supreme Court
The Americas

Chichén Itzá, Mexico	Christ Redeemer, Rio	Machu Picchu, Peru
Middle East

The Hagia Sofia, Istanbul, Turkey	Petra, Jordan	Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem	Samarra, Great (or al-Mutawakkil) Mosque, Baghdad, Iraq	Isfahan, Great Mosque, Iran	Registan Square, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Asia/Pacific

The Taj Mahal, India	Angkor Wat, Cambodia	Dubai	The Forbidden City, Peking	The Summer Palace, Peking	Temple of Heaven, Peking

The Great Wall, China	Easter Island Moas	The Sydney Opera House	Timbuktu, Mali
major cities in detail click here for complete list

Paris	London	Sydney	New York	Chicago	Amsterdam

Berlin	Italy	Spain	Egypt	Islamic	Beijing


Global city Alpha world cities (full service world cities) 12 points: London, New York, Paris, Tokyo 10 points: Chicago, Frankfort, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Milan, Singapore Beta world cities (major world cities) 9 points: San Francisco, Sydney, Toronto, Zürich 8 points: Brussels, Madrid, Mexico City, São Paulo 7 points: Moscow, Seoul Gamma world cities (minor world cities) 6 points: Amsterdam, Boston, Caracas, Dallas, Düsseldorf, Geneva, Houston, Jakarta, Johannesburg, Melbourne, Osaka, Prague, Santiago, Taipei, Washington 5 points: Bangkok, Beijing, Montreal, Rome, Stockholm, Warsaw 4 points: Atlanta, Barcelona, Berlin, Budapest, Buenos Aires, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Istanbul, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Miami, Minneapolis, Munich, Shanghai It has been argued that global cities are those sharing the following characteristics: International, first-name familiarity; whereby a city is recognised without the need for a political subdivision. For example. although there are numerous cities and other political entities with the name Paris or variations on it, one would say "Paris", not "Paris, France". Active influence and participation in international events and world affairs; for example, New York City is home to the United Nations headquarters complex and consequently contains a vast majority of the permanent missions to the UN[3]. A fairly large population (the centre of a metropolitan area with a population of at least one million, typically several million). A major international airport (for example, London Heathrow Airport) that serves as an established hub for several international airlines. An advanced transportation system that includes several freeways and/or a large mass transit network offering multiple modes of transportation (rapid transit, light rail, regional rail, ferry, or bus). In the West, several international cultures and communities (such as a Chinatown, a Little Italy, or other immigrant communities). In other parts of the world, cities which attract large foreign businesses and related expatriate communities; for example, Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Moscow. International financial institutions, law firms, corporate headquarters (especially conglomerates), and stock exchanges (for example the London Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange or the Tokyo Stock Exchange) that have influence over the world economy. An advanced communications infrastructure on which modern trans-national corporations rely, such as fiberoptics, Wi-Fi networks, cellular phone services, and other high-speed lines of communications. World-renowned cultural institutions, such as museums and universities. A lively cultural scene, including film festivals (for example the Toronto International Film Festival), premieres, a thriving music or theatre scene (for example, West End theatre and Broadway); an orchestra, an opera company, art galleries, and street performers. Several powerful and influential media outlets with an international reach, such as the BBC, Associated Press, Reuters, The New York Times, The Times, or Agence France-Presse. A strong sporting community, including major sports facilities, home teams in major league sports, and the ability and historical experience to host international sporting events such as the Olympic Games, Football World Cup, or Grand Slam tennis events. To some, London, New York City, Paris, and Tokyo have been traditionally considered the 'big four' world cities – not coincidentally, they also serve as symbols of global capitalism. However, many people have their own personal lists, and any two lists are likely to differ based on cultural background, values, and experience. In certain countries, the rise of suburbia and the ongoing migration of manufacturing jobs to these countries has led to significant urban decay. Therefore, to boost urban regeneration, tourism, and revenue, the goal of building a "world-class" city has recently become an obsession with the governments of some mid-size cities and their constituents. The phenomenon of world-city building has also been observed in Buenos Aires, Santiago, Frankfurt, Montréal, Sydney, Mexico City and Toronto: each of these cities has emerged as large and influential. Evidence of world city formation Strong evidence 3 points: Athens, Auckland, Dublin, Helsinki, Luxembourg, Lyon, Mumbai, New Delhi, Philadelphia, Rio de Janeiro, Tel Aviv, Vienna Some evidence 2 points: Abu Dhabi, Almaty, Birmingham (UK), Bogotá, Bratislava, Brisbane, Bucharest, Cairo, Cleveland, Cologne, Detroit, Dubai, Ho Chi Minh City, Kiev, Lima, Lisbon, Manchester, Montevideo, Oslo, Riyadh, Rotterdam, Seattle, Strasbourg, Stuttgart, The Hague, Vancouver Minimal evidence 1 point: Adelaide, Antwerp, Aarhus, Baltimore, Bangalore, Bologna, Brasília, Calgary, Cape Town, Colombo, Columbus, Dresden, Edinburgh, Genoa, Glasgow, Gothenburg, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Kansas City, Leeds, Lille, Marseille, Richmond, St. Petersburg, Tashkent, Tehran, Tijuana, Turin, Utrecht, Wellington GaWC Leading World Cities (2004 Edition) An attempt to redefine and recategorise leading world cities was made by PJ Taylor at GaWC in 2004. This ranking list is referred to as the Official GaWC List. Global Cities Well rounded global cities Very large contribution: London and New York City. Smaller contribution and with cultural bias: Los Angeles, Paris and San Francisco. Incipient global cities: Amsterdam, Boston, Chicago, Madrid, Milan, Moscow, Toronto. Global niche cities - specialised global contributions Economic: Hong Kong, Singapore, and Tokyo. Political and social: Brussels, Geneva, Strasbourg and Washington.

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