 |
| essential architecture |
part of the essential architecture network |
 |
| top ten world architecture |
 |
| new seven wonders of the world |
| image use |
| Essential
Architecture- Search by style
Art Deco |
||
 The Art Deco spire of the Chrysler Building, built 1928-1930, Art Deco (French: Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes) was a twentieth century movement in the decorative arts, that grew to influence architecture, design, fashion and the visual arts. Overview The name Art Deco derived from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, a World's fair held in Paris, France in 1925, though the term was not used prior to the late 1960s. Art Deco was influenced by many different cultures, particularly pre-World War I Europe. The movement occurred at the same time, and as a response to, the rapid social and technological advances of the early 20th century. Paris was at the center of the high end of Art Deco design, epitomized in furniture by Jacques-Emile Ruhlmann, the best-known of Art Deco furniture designers and perhaps the last of the traditional Parisian ébénistes, and Jean-Jacques Rateau, the firm of Süe et Mare, the screens of Eileen Gray, wrought iron of Edgar Brandt, metalwork and lacquer of Jean Dunand, the glass of René Lalique and Maurice Marinot, clocks and jewelry by Cartier. The term Art Deco was coined during the Exposition of 1925 but did not receive wider usage until it was re-evaluated in the 1960s. Its practitioners were not working as a coherent community. It is considered to be an eclectic form of decorative Modernism, being influenced by a variety of sources: Early work from the Wiener Werkstätte; functional industrial design, with roots in the later nineteenth century "Primitive" arts of Africa, Egypt, or Aztec Mexico, partly mediated through Decorative Cubism Early work and thinking of the Weimar Bauhaus in its expressionist phase. Ancient Greek sculpture and ceramic design of the less naturalistic "archaic period" Léon Bakst's sets and costumes for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes Fractionated, crystalline, facetted form of decorative Cubism and Futurism Fauve color palette Severe forms of radical Neoclassicism: Boullée, Schinkel Everything associated with Jazz, Jazz Age or "jazzy" Animal motifs and forms; tropical foliage; ziggurats; crystals; "sunbursts"; stylized fountain motifs Lithe athletic "modern" female forms; flappers' bobbed haircuts Machine age technology such as the radio and skyscraper.  Asheville, North Carolina City Hall, 1926–1928 epitomizes the American Art Deco style. Corresponding to these influences, Art Deco is characterized by use of materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, lacquer, inlaid wood, sharkskin (shagreen), and zebraskin. The bold use of zigzag and stepped forms, and sweeping curves (unlike the sinuous curves of the Art nouveau), chevron patterns, and the sunburst motif. Some of these motifs were ubiquitous — for example the sunburst motif was used in such varied contexts as a lady's shoe, a radiator grille, the auditorium of the Radio City Music Hall and the spire of the Chrysler Building. Art Deco was an opulent style and this lavishness is attributed to reaction of the forced austerity caused by World War I. Its rich, festive character fitted it for "modern" contexts including interiors of cinema theaters and ocean liners such as the Ile de France and Normandie. A parallel movement called Streamline Moderne or simply Streamline followed close behind. Streamline was influenced by manufacturing and streamlining techniques arising from science and the mass production shape of bullet, liners, etc., where aerodynamics are involved. Once the Chrysler Air-Flo design of 1933 was successful, "streamlined" forms began to be used even for objects such as pencil sharpeners and refrigerators. Art Deco slowly lost patronage in the West after reaching mass production, where it began to be derided as gaudy and presenting a false image of luxury. Eventually the style was cut short by the austerities of World War II. In colonial countries such as India, it became a gateway for Modernism and continued to be used well into the 1960s. A resurgence of interest in Art Deco came with graphic design in the 1980s, where its association with film noir and 1930s glamour led to its use in ads for jewelry and fashion. Noted Art Deco designs  Rounded edges and nautical themes are characteristics of Art Deco - The Normandie, by French graphist Adolphe Mouron Cassandre  Chicago's Carbide and Carbon Building Kansas City Power & Light Building Empire State Building, Manhattan, New York City Arsenal Stadium, London, UK Chrysler Building, Manhattan Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, California Fisher Building, Detroit, Michigan Guardian Building, Detroit Mapes Hotel, Reno, Nevada The Bund, Shanghai, China Buffalo City Hall, Buffalo, New York Eskom Building, Johannesburg, South Africa Ocean liners Ile de France, Normandie and RMS Queen Mary Montreal Eaton 9th floor restaurant is a copy of the huge SS Ile de France first class dining room Napier, New Zealand was rebuilt in Art Deco style after the 1931 Napier earthquake The Hoover Building, Perivale, London Anzac War Memorial, Sydney, Australia Radio City Music Hall, New York City Université de Montréal central building, Montreal, Canada Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa Marine Building, Vancouver, British Columbia Asheville, North Carolina city hall Waterman Phileas fountain pen Chicago Board of Trade Building, Chicago Carbide and Carbon Building, Chicago Ocean Drive (South Beach), Miami Beach, Florida Former Pennsylvania Railroad 30th Street Station and Suburban Station, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Far Eastern University Campus, Manila, Philippines Price Building (aka Édifice Price), home to the Hotel Clarendon Quebec City, Quebec Temple Beth-El, Pensacola, Florida GE Building, Manhattan, New York City Wells Fargo Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qwest Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota Aldred Building, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Hoover Dam, Arizona, USA OXO Tower, London, England Noted Art Deco artists and designers Maurice Ascalon Adolphe Mouron Cassandre Jean Dunand Jean Dupas Erté (Romain de Tirtoff) (1892-1990) Alexandra Exter Eileen Gray Georg Jensen René Lalique Jules Leleu Oscar Bach Joseph Kiselewski Tamara de Lempicka Paul Manship Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann Sue et Mar Walter Dorwin Teague Carl Paul Jennewein Noted Art Deco architects  Far Eastern University Campus in downtown Manila, Philippines Albert Anis Pablo Antonio George Coles Ernest Cormier Banister Flight Fletcher Oliver Hill Charles Holden Raymond Hood Victor Horta Ely Jacques Kahn Henry Vaughan Lanchester Edwin Lutyens James McKissack George Val Myer William van Alen Wirt C. Rowland Giles Gilbert Scott Clifford Strange Joseph Sunlight Ralph Walker Thomas Wallis Ernest A. Williams Owen Williams Further reading Duncan, Alastair. Art Deco Furniture: The French Designers, Thames and Hudson, 1984. ISBN 0500234124 |
||